1. How can we reduce the network traffic?

1. Replication of data in distributed environment.
2. Using snapshots to replicate data.
3. Using remote procedure calls.

2. What is snapshots?

Snapshot is an object used to dynamically replicate data between distribute database at specified time intervals.

3. What are the various type of snapshots?

Simple and Complex.

4. Differentiate simple and complex, snapshots?

1. A simple snapshot is based on a query that does not contains GROUP BY clauses, CONNECT BY clauses, Joins, sub-query or snapshot of operations.
2. A complex snapshots contain at least any one of the above.

5. What dynamic data replication?

Updating or Inserting records in remote database through database triggers. It may fail if remote database is having any problem.

6. How can you Enforce Referential Integrity in snapshots?

Time the references to occur when master tables are not in use. Perform the reference the manually immediately locking the master tables. We can join tables in snapshots by creating a complex snapshots that will based on the master tables.

7. What are the options available to refresh snapshots?

1. COMPLETE - Tables are completely regenerated using the snapshot's query and the master tables every time the snapshot referenced.
2. FAST - If simple snapshot used then a snapshot log can be used to send the changes to the snapshot tables.
3. FORCE - Default value. If possible it performs a FAST refresh; Otherwise it will perform a complete refresh.

8. What is snapshot log?

It is a table that maintains a record of modifications to the master table in a snapshot. It is stored in the same database as master table and is only available for simple snapshots. It should be created before creating snapshots.

9. When will the data in the snapshot log be used?

We must be able to create a after row trigger on table (i.e., it should be not be already available)

10. After giving table privileges.

We cannot specify snapshot log name because oracle uses the name of the master table in the name of the database objects that support its snapshot log. The master table name should be less than or equal to 23 characters.

11. What are the benefits of distributed options in databases?

Database on other servers can be updated and those transactions can be grouped together with others in a logical unit. Database uses a two phase commit.